QUESTION 1

1. Suppose you are hiking down the Grand Canyon. At the top, the temperature early in the
morning is a cool 3 °C. By late afternoon, the temperature at the bottom of the canyon has
warmed to a sweltering 34 °C. What is the difference between the higher and lower temperatures
in (a) Fahrenheit degrees   and (b) kelvins? 

QUESTION 2
1. You are sick, and your temperature is 312.0 kelvins. Convert this temperature to the
Fahrenheit scale. 

QUESTION 3
1. A steel section of the Alaskan pipeline had a length of 65 m and a temperature of 18 °C
when it was installed. What is its change in length when the temperature drops to a
frigid −45 °C? 

QUESTION 4
1. A steel aircraft carrier is 370 m long when moving through the icy North Atlantic at a
temperature of 2.0 °C. By how much does the carrier lengthen when it is traveling in the warm
Mediterranean Sea at a temperature of 21 °C? 
QUESTION 5
1. The Eiffel Tower is a steel structure whose height increases by 19.4 cm when the
temperature changes from −9 to +41 °C. What is the approximate height (in meters) at the lower
temperature? 

QUESTION 6
1. When the temperature of a coin is raised by 75 C°, the coin’s diameter increases by
2.3 ξ10−5 m. If the original diameter of the coin is 1.8 ξ 10−2 m, find the coefficient of linear
expansion. 

QUESTION 7
1. The brass bar and the aluminum bar in the drawing are each attached to an immovable
wall. At 28 °C the air gap between the rods is 1.3 ξ 10−3 m. At what temperature will the gap be
closed? 
QUESTION 8
1. Multiple-Concept Example 4 reviews the concepts that are involved in this problem. A
ruler is accurate when the temperature is 25 °C. When the temperature drops to −14 °C, the ruler
shrinks and no longer measures distances accurately. However, the ruler can be made to read
correctly if a force of magnitude 1.2 x 103N is applied to each end so as to stretch it back to its
original length. The ruler has a cross-sectional area of 1.6 ξ10−5 m2, and it is made from a
material whose coefficient of linear expansion is 2.5 ξ10−5 (C°)−1. What is Young’s modulus for
the material from which the ruler is made? 

QUESTION 9
1. A ball and a thin plate are made from different materials and have the same initial
temperature. The ball does not fit through a hole in the plate, because the diameter of the ball is
slightly larger than the diameter of the hole. However, the ball will pass through the hole when
the ball and the plate are both heated to a common higher temperature. In each of the
arrangements in the drawing the diameter of the ball is 1.0 x10−5 m larger than the diameter of
the hole in the thin plate, which has a diameter of 0.10 m. The initial temperature of each
arrangement is 25.0 °C. At what temperature will the ball fall through the hole in each
arrangement?
For the gold 
For the aluminum 
For the quartz 
QUESTION 10
1. A flask is filled with 1.500 L (L = liter) of a liquid at 97.1 °C. When the liquid is cooled
to 15.0 °C, its volume is only 1.383 L, however. Neglect the contraction of the flask and use
Table 12.1 to identify the liquid. 

QUESTION 11
1. A thin spherical shell of silver has an inner radius of 2.0  ξ 10−2 m when the temperature
is 18 °C. The shell is heated to 147 °C. Find the change in the interior volume of the
shell. 

QUESTION 12
1. Suppose you are selling apple cider for two dollars a gallon when the temperature is
4.0 °C. The coefficient of volume expansion of the cider is 280 ξ 10−6 (C°)−1. How much more
money (in pennies) would you make per gallon by refilling the container on a day when the
temperature is 26 °C? Ignore the expansion of the container. 

QUESTION 13
1. Suppose that the steel gas tank in your car is completely filled when the temperature is
17 °C. How many gallons will spill out of the twenty-gallon tank when the temperature rises to
35 °C? 
QUESTION 14
1. Ideally, when a thermometer is used to measure the temperature of an object, the
temperature of the object itself should not change. However, if a significant amount of heat flows
from the object to the thermometer, the temperature will change. A thermometer has a mass of
31.0 g, a specific heat capacity of c = 815 J/(kg ⋅ C°), and a temperature of 12.0 °C. It is
immersed in 119 g of water, and the final temperature of the water and thermometer is 41.5 °C.
What was the temperature of the water before the insertion of the thermometer? 

QUESTION 15
1. An ice chest at a beach party contains 12 cans of soda at 5.0 °C. Each can of soda has a
mass of 0.35 kg and a specific heat capacity of 3800 J/(kg ⋅ C°). Someone adds a 6.5-kg
watermelon at 27 °C to the chest. The specific heat capacity of watermelon is nearly the same as
that of water. Ignore the specific heat capacity of the chest and determine the final
temperature T of the soda and watermelon. 

QUESTION 16
1. A piece of glass has a temperature of 83.0 °C. Liquid that has a temperature of 43.0 °C is
poured over the glass, completely covering it, and the temperature at equilibrium is 53.0 °C. The
mass of the glass and the liquid is the same. Ignoring the container that holds the glass and liquid
and assuming that the heat lost to or gained from the surroundings is negligible, determine the
specific heat capacity of the liquid. 
QUESTION 17
1. When you drink cold water, your body must expend metabolic energy in order to
maintain normal body temperature (37 °C) by warming up the water in your stomach. Could
drinking ice water, then, substitute for exercise as a way to “burn calories?” Suppose you expend
430 kilocalories during a brisk hour-long walk. How many liters of ice water (0 °C) would you
have to drink in order to use up 430 kilocalories of metabolic energy? For comparison, the
stomach can hold about 1 liter. 

QUESTION 18
1. How much heat must be added to 0.45 kg of aluminum to change it from a solid at
130 °C to a liquid at 660 °C (its melting point)? The latent heat of fusion for aluminum is
4.0 ξ 105 J/kg. 

QUESTION 19
1. Suppose that the amount of heat removed when 3.0 kg of water freezes at 0.0 °C were
removed from ethyl alcohol at its freezing/melting point of −114.4 °C. How many kilograms of
ethyl alcohol would freeze? 

QUESTION 20
1. To help prevent frost damage, fruit growers sometimes protect their crop by spraying it
with water when overnight temperatures are expected to go below freezing. When the water
turns to ice during the night, heat is released into the plants, thereby giving a measure of
protection against the cold. Suppose a grower sprays 7.2 kg of water at 0 °C onto a fruit
tree. (a) How much heat is released by the water when it freezes?
(b) How much would the temperature of a 180-kg tree rise if it absorbed the heat released in part
(a)? Assume that the specific heat capacity of the tree is 2.5 ξ103 J/(kg ⋅ C°) and that no phase
change occurs within the tree itself. 

QUESTION 21
1. The latent heat of vaporization of H2O at body temperature (37.0 °C) is 2.42 ξ 106 J/kg.
To cool the body of a 75-kg jogger (average specific heat capacity =3500 J/(kg ⋅ C°)) by 1.5 C°,
how many kilograms of water in the form of sweat have to be evaporated? 

QUESTION 22
1. A snow maker at a resort pumps 130 kg of lake water per minute and sprays it into the air
above a ski run. The water droplets freeze in the air and fall to the ground, forming a layer of
snow. If all the water pumped into the air turns to snow, and the snow cools to the ambient air
temperature of −7.0 °C, how much heat does the snow-making process release each minute?
Assume that the temperature of the lake water is 12.0 °C, and use 2.00 x 103 J/(kg ⋅ C°) for the
specific heat capacity of snow. 
QUESTION 23
1. (this is problem 75) At a temperature of 10 °C the percent relative humidity is R10, and at
40 °C it is R40. At each of these temperatures the partial pressure of water vapor in the air is the
same. Using the vapor pressure curve for water that accompanies this problem, determine the
ratio R10/R40 of the two humidity values. 

QUESTION 24
1. What is the relative humidity on a day when the temperature is 30 °C and the dew point is
10 °C? Use the vapor pressure curve that accompanies Problem 75. 

QUESTION 25
1. Suppose that air in the human lungs has a temperature of 37 °C, and the partial pressure
of water vapor has a value of
5.5 x 103 Pa. What is the relative humidity in the lungs? Consult the vapor pressure curve for
water that accompanies Problem 75. 

QUESTION 26
1. An aluminum baseball bat has a length of 0.86 m at a temperature of 17 °C. When the
temperature of the bat is raised, the bat lengthens by 0.000 16 m. Determine the final temperature
of the bat. 

QUESTION 27
1. Concrete sidewalks are always laid in sections, with gaps between each section. For
example, the drawing shows three identical 2.4-m sections, the outer two of which are against
immovable walls. The two identical gaps between the sections are provided so that thermal
expansion will not create the thermal stress that could lead to cracks. What is the minimum gap
width necessary to account for an increase in temperature of 32 C°?