URBAN HOUSING
SCENARIO
Urbanization
■ Presently, urban India is home to 377 million
people.
■ Urban India is expected to house 600 million
people by 2031, an increase of 59% from 2011.
■ India’s urban housing shortage is around 19
million.
■ India ranks 134th among 137 countries; has the
world’s most unclean air.
■ In India, slum population in 2011 was 66 million;
and to be 105 million by 2017.
■ Indian cities are deficient in basic amenities such
clean drinking water, sanitation and lighting
facilities.
■ Public transport accounts for 27% of urban
transport in India. Indian roads are already
choked.
Challenges in urbanization of India
■ India fails to meet basic standards of living like water supply, public transportation.
■ Rapid urbanization has caused wide spread environmental degradation in the country.
■ India has failed to provide urban dwellers basic needs such as housing.
■ In 2012, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA) stated that
there is an under-supply of 18.78 million housing units in urban India, of which,
nearly 95% affects the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) and Low Income Group
(LIG) of the urban population.
■ People who belong to the EWS and LIG sections have no access to formal housing
finance. Several of them earn daily wages and live in slums. The 2011 Census
enumerated that nearly 65.5 million people reside in slums in Indian cities (13.9
million households). Slums proliferate in almost all metropolitan cities in India.
Housing shortage
■ Indian urban population in 2001 was 27.8% of the total population.
■ Over 5 decades, annual growth of urban population ranged between 2.7 to 3.8%.
During last decade it increased at annual rate of 2.7%.
■ Increasing concentration in larger cities.
■ Projected that by 2041, India's urban population will be 50%.
■ 12th plan period (2012-17) -11 million houses lying unused and vacant in urban India.
■ Urban population decadal growth 32% from 285 million to 377 million 2001 and
2011.
■ 18.78 million households in 20122.
■ 62% houses are self-owned
■ 38 % rented homes
Reduce issues and shortage in urban housing and
slums
■ By implementing policies schemes etc…
■ By boosting affordable housing.
■ By building integrated townships.
■ Providing impetus to redevelopment.
■ Increasing FSI limits and building vertical cities
Policy
Institutions
■ Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY)
■ Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
■ Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP)
■ The Rural Housing Fund (RHF)
■ A Mission on Low Cost Affordable Housing
■ The Central Registry of Securitization Asset Reconstruction and Security Interest of
India (CERSAI)
■ Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)
Factors effecting – housing demand
■ Affordability
■ Self-reliance
■ Interest Rates
■ Population
■ Effective Demand.
Affordable Housing
Integrated Townships
■ Integrated townships are built in places where a large tract of land is readily
available. These townships essentially contain retail, housing as well as
commercial developments. Such townships also have hospitals and schools; so
every amenity is in close proximity. Several states in India are promoting the
concept to ease pressure on big cities.
■ Main aim of such townships :
– To approach urbanisation in planned manner
– To promote higher quality of life, work-life balance, cleaner and greener
environment
Providing impetus to redevelopment
■ Slums are unhealthy/ informal settlements in urban areas.
■ Majority of the people who belong to the EWS and LIG groups work in unorganized
sectors and live in slums for lack of better options.
■ The problem can be resolved by demolishing slums, temporarily housing dwellers in
another locality and creating better quality housing to replace the slums.
■ Slums and old buildings are a part of central business districts and city centric locations at
the moment. Unfortunately redevelopment is a much politicized subject in India; tenants
often do not agree to move to temporary houses in far flung locations. However,
urbanization mandates effective land-use and redevelopment is an intrinsic part of that
process. It needs to be streamlined in a manner that benefits all stakeholders
Increasing FSI limits and building vertical
cities
■ Increasing in FSI will save more land and gives more homes
■ Without the required infrastructural upgradation, higher FSI will result in extra load
on the already congested and chaotic roads.
■ It must be noted that India lags behind in FSI norms compared to top cities of the
world. Cities such as New York, Tokyo, Hong Kong and Shanghai offer FSI limits
between 10 and 15. Comparatively in Mumbai, the permissible FSI ranges between
2.5 and 4 for redevelopment projects and between 1.33 and 4 for non
redevelopment projects
