The ABB Guide to
Safety Critical Systems and International Standard IEC 61508
IEC 61508 Safety Lifecycle
Concept
ABB provides a total life cycle safety capability aligned to the IEC 61508 Safety
Lifecycle. We are the best-placed leading international company to be able to advise
you on all phases from Concept (1) to Decommissioning (16), including the Hazard and
Risk Analysis which is necessary to determine the overall safety requirements of any
plant or process. In addition, ABB offers a comprehensive selection of instrumentation
and other equipment required to implement fully safety compliant plant, whether as
stand alone products or in fully integrated packages. These are supported by our
installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and other services.
Overall Scope Definition
Hazard Risk Analysis
Overall Operation
& Maintenance
Planning
Overall
Validation
Planning
Overall Safety Requirements
Safety Requirements Allocation
9
8
Pre-Design Phases 1-5
End User / Operator
Overall Planning
6
Overview of
Lifecycle Phases
Overall Installation
& Commissioning
Planning
12
Safety Related
Systems:
E / E / PES
Set the SIL target
10
Design and Installation
Phases 6-13
Safety Related
Systems:
Other
Technology
Realisation
11
(Engineering /
Equipment Supplier)
External Risk
Reduction
Facilities
Realisation
Design the architecture /
Provide the integrity
information
Realisation
Overall Installation
& Commissioning
Operation Phases 14-16
(End User / Operator)
13
Overall Safety Validation
14 Overall Operation & Maintenance
16
15
Operate & Test to
Verify Target SIL
= Design SIL = Operation.
Manage maintenance
and modifications
Overall Modification & Retrofit
Lifecycle repeats
Decommissioning
Pre-Design Phases 1 5 (End User / Operator)
Setting the SIL Target
Safety Integrity Levels
Typical Methodology
Safety
Integrity Level
Average Probability of
Failure on Demand (PFDavg)
% Reliability
1
2
3
4
0.1 to 0.01
0.01 to 0.001
0.001 to 0.0001
0.0001 to 0.00001
90% to 99%
99% to 99.9%
99.9% to 99.99%
99.99% to 99.999%
Hazard & Risk Analysis
Hazard studies and HAZOPs
Evaluate possible
consequences
Establish tolerable
frequencies vs ALARP
SIL Determination Methodologies
Risk
Graphs
CA
Starting point
for risk reduction
estimation
X1
X2
CB
FA
FB
CC
FA
FB
CD
Generalized arrangement
(in practical implementations
the arrangement is specific
to the applications to be
covered by the risk graph)
FA
FB
PA
PB
X3
PA
PB
X4
PA
PB
X5
PA
PB
X6
Introducing Risk Reduction and Risk Targets
W3
W2
W1
---
---
---
---= No safety requirements
a = No special safety requirements
b = A single SIF is not sufficient
1, 2, 3, 4 = Safety integrity level
C = Consequence parameter
F = Exposure time parameter
P = Probability of avoiding the hazardous event
W = In the absence of the SIF under consideration
Operations
On-going
Review
Identify
Potential
Hazardous
Events
Residual
risk
Assess
Risk
10
11
Design
Safety
Instrumented
Function
Initiating
cause
F.5
F.14.2
Initiation
likelihood
F.6
F.14.3
General
process
design
F.14.4
BPCS
F.14.5
Fire from
distillation
column
rupture
Loss of
cooling
water
0,1
0,1
0,1
Fire from
distillation
column
rupture
Steam
control
loop
failure
0,1
Alarms, Additional
IPL
InterSIF
etc.
mitigation, additional mediate integrity
F.14.6 restricted mitigation
event
level
access F.8 dikes,
likelihood
F.11
F.14.7
pressure
F.10
F.14.10
relief
F.14.9
F.9
F.14.8
Mitigated
event
likelihood
F.12
F.14.10
Notes
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
PRV 01
PRV 01
10-7
10-9
High
pressure
causes
column
rupture
10-6
10-2
10-2
10-8
Risk reduction
from SIS layer
Allocate
Risk
Reduction to
Technologies
OVERPRESSURIZATION
0.1/year
EXTERNAL EVENTS
(fire)
Risk reduction
from other
protection
layers
Assess
Required
Risk Reduction
Fault Tree
Analysis
Risk reduction
from other
non-SIS
prevention /
mitigation layers
Risk reduction achieved by all protection layers
Assess SIL
for Instrumented
Risk Reduction
Same
as
above
Process
risk
Actual risk reduction
Compare
with
Criteria
Overall
Lifecycle
PROTECTION LAYERS
Impact Severity
event
level
description
F.4
F.3
F.14.1
F.14.1
Residual
risk
Necessary risk reduction
Layer of Protection Analysis
#
Build event chain
Estimate demand rates
Define protection required
Specify required Safety
Integrity Level
For Safety Lifecycle and Hazard Analysis
advice, please call 01642 372000.
For details of relevant ABB
Instrumentation, Systems and Equipment,
please call 0870 600 6122.
BPCS FUNCTION
FAILS
Legend
BPCS
FAILS
SENSOR
FAILS
VALVE
STUCK
OR
Basic event
Transfer gate
www.abb.co.uk/instrumentation
Demand more from your instrumentation.
Demand more from your source.
ABB Limited, Howard Road, St Neots, Cambridgeshire, PE19 8EU, UK. Tel: 0870 600 6122
WP/SIL Issue 1 (09.03)
