AML883Propertiesandselectionof engineeringmaterials
LECTURE1.INTRODUCTION MPGururajan Email:[email protected] RoomNo.MS207/A3 Phone:1340
Arequest!
Pleasesendmeamailat(withsubjectAML883) [email protected] Allyourassignments,problemsheets, presentations(afterthelecture,ifyourequest)as wellastheaccouncementsregardingtheclass willbemailedtoyouatyourmailaddress.
Introductiontothecourse!
Textbook
Mateials:engineering, science,processing anddesign, MFAshby,H ShercliffandD Cebon, Butterworth Heinemann,2007 AlowpricedIndian editionisavailable.
Gradingpolicies
Assignmentsand/orquizes:20% Twomidtermexaminations:40%(20+20) Finalexamination:40% Problemsheetsnotnecessarytoturnin; however,afractionofquestionsfortheexams willcomefromtheproblemsheets,directly!
Whatarewegoingtostudy? And,How?
Astadardcellinachip
Renderingofasmallstandard cellwiththreemetallayers (dielectrichasbeenremoved). Thesandcoloredstructuresare metalinterconnect,withthe verticalpillarsbeingcontacts, typicallyplugsoftungsten.The reddishstructuresare polysilicongates,andthesolid atthebottomisthecrystalline siliconbulk. Imagecourtesy:wiki(David Carron)
Typesofmaterials
Crystallinesiliconbulkatthe bottomgivesstructural support Interconnects,contacts, dielectricsandpolysilicongates havespecificfunctionsin termsofelectricalconductionor nonconduction
Abroadclassification
Basedonthespecificroleinanengineering application Structuralmaterials(mechanical) Functionalmaterials(electrical,optical, magnetic,...)
Structuralmaterials
StiffnessResistancetoelasticdeformation(A woodenrulerisstiff,whileaplasticoneisn't) StrengthResistancetoplasticdeformation(A metallicrulerisstrong,whileaplasticoneisn't) ToughnessResistancetofracture(Aplastic rulerisn'ttough,whilewoodenandmetallicare) PropertiesMechanical Density,elasticmodulus,yieldstrength,fracture toughness,fatigueresistance,...
Functionalmaterials
Conductors,insulatorsanddielectrics(electrical materials?)Conductivity,dielectricconstant Magneticmaterialsremanence,saturation magnetization Opticalmaterialstransmission,reflection, refraction,...
Structuralversusfunctional
Mylar:good, structurally;bad, functionally (undergoesresistive degradationwith increasing temperatureand humidity) 32sheetsin0.45mm Imagecourtesy:wiki
Structuralversusfunctional
HighTcoxideceramic superconductors BSCCO(bisko) BismuthStrontium CalciumCopper Oxide:good, functionally;bad, structurally(brittle) Imagecourtesy:wiki
Varietyinmaterials/geometry
Imagecourtesy:wiki
Varietyinmaterials/geometry
Imagecourtesy:CaltechEngineeringDesignlabhandout
Processing
Differentmaterialsshouldbeprocessed differently; Samematerialshouldbeprocessed differentlyfordifferentgeometries(spokesor rimorframe); Apartfrommaterialpropertiesandgeometry, thenumberofcomponentsandthespecificsof use(where?underwhatconditions?under whatconstraints?howcostly?)determinethe processingrouteschosen
Processing:theotherstory
Processingcanchange(at timesdramatically)the properties Howtocomeupwithnew processeswithdesired propertycombinations? Arisestheneedfor fundamental understanding
Valievetal,JournalofMaterialsResearch,2002.
Materialsselection:considerations
Engineeringconsiderations(discussedabove) Cost GreenCanthisbeconsideredaspartof cost? Easycommericalavailabilityinlargequantities (Casestudyoffanblades) Political(Sanctionsonnuclearmaterials) Technology(Cryogenicengines,forexample)
Abreak!Superalloy?!
AhumoroustakeonSuperalloy! Image:CourtesyofHKDHBhadeshia,UniversityofCambridgehomepage
Materialsinservice:wear
Photosfromapumprepaircompanyhomepage(EmnorMechanicalInc.,Canada)
Corrosionandoxidation
CorrodedTitanicbow,rustedbakingplateandbolts(Imagecourtesy:wiki)
Degradationathightemperatures
TBConNibasesuperalloyturbinebladesandtheireffectivenessduringservice Images:courtesyUniversityofCambridgehomepage
Theunseendamages!
OriginalmicrostructureandraftedmicrostructureinNibasesuperalloys Images:courtesyUniversityofCambridgehomepage
Materialdegradation
PhysicalWear ChemicalOxidationandcorrosion Thermalandmicorstructuralcreep,faster oxidation,rafting,...
Materialspropertycharts
DensityandYoung's modulusofclassesof materials Imagecourtesy: Universityof Cambridge hompeage
Materialspropertycharts
Young'smodulusand costofclassesof materials Imagecourtesy: Universityof Cambridge hompeage
Materialspropertycharts
Imagecourtesy:UniversityofCambridgehomepage
Topicsofstudy
Structuralmaterialsandtheirproperties Functionalmaterialsandtheirproperties Processesandproperties Materialdegradation Propertycharts
Casestudies
(1)Materialsforbladesoffansinwindtunnels (structural) (2)Mylarinsulationinaircraftwirings(functional) (3)ECAPandcryorolling(processing) (4)Thermalbarriercoatingsforjetengineturbine blades(degradation) (5)Materialpropertychartsformetallicglasses (Chartsastools)
(6)MaterialsforSolidOxideFuelCells(SOFC)
