Distillation is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences in their boiling points. It involves heating a liquid mixture until it evaporates, then cooling the vapors to condense them back into separate liquids. Simple distillation is used when the boiling points are more than 40°C apart, while fractional distillation is needed for closer boiling points and allows for a more efficient separation. The key aspects of distillation setups are a round bottom flask for heating the...
