Ulugut et al. examined the right anterior temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia by integrating a systematic review and expert consensus across 52 centers worldwide. The study defines the core domains of impairment and establishes unified phenotypic nomenclature to improve diagnostic precision and management.

Trudel et al. investigate the relationship between tau pathology and reactive astrogliosis in Alzheimer’s disease using PET imaging and CSF biomarkers. Their findings suggest that APOE ε4 amplifies tau-associated glial inflammation, offering insights into genotype-specific mechanisms driving AD-associated neuroinflammation.

van Eijs et al. explore correlates of steroid non-response in blood and tissue of cancer patients with immune-related adverse events in this multi-omics study. An enhanced type 1/17 response in blood and tissue is associated with steroid non-response, while rapid steroid effects occur in circulating and tissue immune cells in steroid responders.

Xie, Zhu, Guo, Li et al. investigate the mechanism of action of metformin in diabetic kidney disease using multi-omics analyses in mouse models and human patients. The results show that metformin acts through the MAPK pathway and modulates carbohydrate metabolites, particularly D-xylose.

Wegner et al. apply machine learning to video recordings of walking tasks in people with ataxia and healthy controls using sensor-free motion capture. Their models replicate clinical ratings and detect subtle longitudinal gait changes that are challenging to capture in standard assessments, supporting improved monitoring of disease progression.

Krisai et al. compare brain structure and cognitive function in elderly patients with and without atrial fibrillation using brain MRI and cognitive testing. They find that atrial fibrillation is associated with more brain lesions and lower cognitive function, but the cognitive impairment occurs primarily through direct effects of the arrhythmia rather than through brain damage.

Huang et al. examine the impact of emotional distress on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in advanced gastroesophageal cancer patients. Baseline emotional distress and elevated peripheral inflammatory markers significantly impair treatment outcomes through synergistic psycho-inflammatory mechanisms.

Roer et al. analyze genomes of Escherichia coli clonal complex 38 from humans, animals, and food to investigate its spread and host associations. They find distinct human and poultry lineages and identify plasmid markers linked to animal adaptation and zoonotic transmission.

Lai et al. use hospitalization records from the UK to examine associations between ambient temperature and changing temperature with all-cause and cause-specific hospitalizations. There is seasonal variation in associations with more pronounced effects in people living in deprived neighbourhoods and with low greenspace coverage.

Kang, Lazo de la Vega et al. introduce iCatalog, a precision oncology reporting tool developed to address the needs of a large multi-institutional pediatric study. iCatalog combines a database for patient, sample, and genomic data to enable clinical interpretation of patient-level tumor profiling results.

Jaklenec, Yang et al. examine how malnutrition heightens disease susceptibility in Africa. They comment on the successes of food-fortification efforts to date and outline remaining barriers and future directions.

Oyebamiji et al. highlight the high maternal mortality occurring in sub-Saharan Africa, driven in large part by inadequate access to safe blood. They examine how systems level governance and sustainable innovation can close this gap and advance maternal health equity across the region.

Daou et al. advocate for the integration of conflict-responsive training into healthcare education across low- and middle-income countries to better prepare professionals to deliver care in conflict-affected, resource-limited settings. Drawing on expert dialogues and field-based insights, they outline practical pathways for curricular reform grounded in local realities to help institutions design contextually relevant curricula."

Personalized Medicine was designed with a scientific framework that considered both the disease and the person with the disease. Here, we illustrate that the current approach to Personalized Medicine has neglected the person and offers a pathway to restoring the essential importance of the person’s lived experience.

Amid continuous innovation in sequencing and gene-editing technologies combined with enhanced understanding of RNA biology, there has been an increase in RNA-based technologies for the treatment of a wide array of diseases. We discuss some recent work in the field, highlighting the RNA biology and RNA-based applications to medicine collection, which showcases the versatility of RNA for filling numerous gaps in disease treatment and detection.

Connolly et al. describe the International Health Cohorts Consortium (IHCC), a global initiative that is closing gaps in genomic databases by representation of different ancestral groups, promoting academic and industry collaborations, and supporting cutting-edge research in global health. A summary of the collective resources of 69 member cohorts, representing over 34 million people is discussed.